Some intracellular parasites inhabit intracellular compartments known as parasitophorous vacuoles. To maintain and amplify infection, infective forms of the parasite must exit from the host cell to infect new cells. During parasite egress, two main mechanisms have been proposed: lysis of the membranes of the parasitophorus vacuole and the plasma membrane of the cell host, or fusion of these two membranes providing continuity between the lumen of the parasitophorous vacuole and the extracellular compartment. In this review we present evidence supporting these models for intracellular parasites of human importance with particular emphasis on Leishmania exit.