Integrin activation enables sensitive detection of functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells: Application to characterize SARS-CoV-2 immunity

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

  • Anna Schöllhorn
  • Juliane Schuhmacher
  • Luciana Besedovsky
  • Rolf Fendel
  • Jensen, Anja Ramstedt
  • Stefan Stevanović
  • Tanja Lange
  • Hans-Georg Rammensee
  • Jan Born
  • Cécile Gouttefangeas
  • Stoyan Dimitrov

We have previously shown that conformational change in the β2-integrin is a very early activation marker that can be detected with fluorescent multimers of its ligand intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 for rapid assessment of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. In this study, we describe a modified protocol of this assay for sensitive detection of functional antigen-specific CD4+ T cells using a monoclonal antibody (clone m24 Ab) specific for the open, high-affinity conformation of the β2-integrin. The kinetics of β2-integrin activation was different on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (several hours vs. few minutes, respectively); however, m24 Ab readily stained both cell types 4-6 h after antigen stimulation. With this protocol, we were able to monitor ex vivo effector and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells specific for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in whole blood or cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infected or vaccinated individuals. By costaining β2-integrin with m24 and CD154 Abs, we assessed extremely low frequencies of polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses. The novel assay used in this study allows very sensitive and simultaneous screening of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactivities, with versatile applicability in clinical and vaccination studies.

Original languageEnglish
Article number626308
JournalFrontiers in Immunology
Volume12
ISSN1664-3224
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2021

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2021 Schöllhorn, Schuhmacher, Besedovsky, Fendel, Jensen, Stevanović, Lange, Rammensee, Born, Gouttefangeas and Dimitrov.

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