Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns: A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 143 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Standard

Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns : A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 143 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017. / Hazel, Elizabeth A.; Erchick, Daniel J.; Katz, Joanne; Lee, Anne C.C.; Diaz, Michael; Wu, Lee S.F.; West, Keith P.; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Christian, Parul; Ali, Hasmot; Baqui, Abdullah H.; Saha, Samir K.; Ahmed, Salahuddin; Roy, Arunangshu Dutta; Silveira, Mariângela F.; Buffarini, Romina; Shapiro, Roger; Zash, Rebecca; Kolsteren, Patrick; Lachat, Carl; Huybregts, Lieven; Roberfroid, Dominique; Zhu, Zhonghai; Zeng, Lingxia; Gebreyesus, Seifu H.; Tesfamariam, Kokeb; Adu-Afarwuah, Seth; Dewey, Kathryn G.; Gyaase, Stephaney; Poku-Asante, Kwaku; Boamah Kaali, Ellen; Jack, Darby; Ravilla, Thulasiraj; Tielsch, James; Taneja, Sunita; Chowdhury, Ranadip; Ashorn, Per; Maleta, Kenneth; Ashorn, Ulla; Mangani, Charles; Mullany, Luke C.; Khatry, Subarna K.; Ramokolo, Vundli; Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Wang, Dongqing; Schmiegelow, Christentze; Minja, Daniel; Msemo, Omari Abdul; Lusingu, John P.A.; Smith, Emily R.; Masanja, Honorati; Mongkolchati, Aroonsri; Keentupthai, Paniya; Kakuru, Abel; Kajubi, Richard; Semrau, Katherine; Hamer, Davidson H.; Manasyan, Albert; Pry, Jake M.; Chasekwa, Bernard; Humphrey, Jean; Black, Robert E.; Klemm, Rolf D.W. (Member of author collaboration); Massie, Allan B. (Member of author collaboration); Mitra, Maithilee (Member of author collaboration); Mehra, Sucheta (Member of author collaboration); Schulze, Kerry J. (Member of author collaboration); Sommer, Alfred (Member of author collaboration); Ullah, Md Barkat (Member of author collaboration); Labrique, Alain B. (Member of author collaboration); Rashid, Mabhubur (Member of author collaboration); Shaikh, Saijuddin (Member of author collaboration); Begum, Nazma (Member of author collaboration); Chowdhury, Nabidul Haque (Member of author collaboration); Islam, Md Shafiqul (Member of author collaboration); Khanam, Rasheda (Member of author collaboration); Mitra, Dipak Kumar (Member of author collaboration); Quaiyum, Abdul (Member of author collaboration); Diseko, Modiegi (Member of author collaboration); Makhema, Joseph (Member of author collaboration); Cheng, Yue (Member of author collaboration); Roro, Meselech (Member of author collaboration); Endris, Bilal Shikur (Member of author collaboration); Arnold, Charles D. (Member of author collaboration); Bahl, Rajiv (Member of author collaboration); Bhandari, Nita (Member of author collaboration); Martines, Jose (Member of author collaboration); Mazumder, Sarmila (Member of author collaboration); Hallamaa, Lotta (Member of author collaboration); Pyykkö, Juha (Member of author collaboration); Urassa, Willy (Member of author collaboration); Deloron, Phillippe (Member of author collaboration); Bygbjerg, Ib Christian (Member of author collaboration); Moeller, Sofie Lykke (Member of author collaboration); Theander, Thor Grundtvig (Member of author collaboration); Muhihi, Alfa (Member of author collaboration); Noor, Ramadhani Abdallah (Member of author collaboration); Kamya, Moses R. (Member of author collaboration); Nakalembe, Miriam (Member of author collaboration); Biemba, Godfrey (Member of author collaboration); Herlihy, Julie M. (Member of author collaboration); Mbewe, Reuben K. (Member of author collaboration); Mweena, Fern (Member of author collaboration); Yeboah-Antwi, Kojo (Member of author collaboration); Prendergast, Andrew (Member of author collaboration); Lawn, Joy E. (Member of author collaboration); Blencowe, Hannah (Member of author collaboration); Ohuma, Eric (Member of author collaboration); Okwaraji, Yemi (Member of author collaboration); Yargawa, Judith (Member of author collaboration); Bradley, Ellen (Member of author collaboration); Idueta, Lorena Suarez (Member of author collaboration).

In: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2024.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Harvard

Hazel, EA, Erchick, DJ, Katz, J, Lee, ACC, Diaz, M, Wu, LSF, West, KP, Shamim, AA, Christian, P, Ali, H, Baqui, AH, Saha, SK, Ahmed, S, Roy, AD, Silveira, MF, Buffarini, R, Shapiro, R, Zash, R, Kolsteren, P, Lachat, C, Huybregts, L, Roberfroid, D, Zhu, Z, Zeng, L, Gebreyesus, SH, Tesfamariam, K, Adu-Afarwuah, S, Dewey, KG, Gyaase, S, Poku-Asante, K, Boamah Kaali, E, Jack, D, Ravilla, T, Tielsch, J, Taneja, S, Chowdhury, R, Ashorn, P, Maleta, K, Ashorn, U, Mangani, C, Mullany, LC, Khatry, SK, Ramokolo, V, Zembe-Mkabile, W, Fawzi, WW, Wang, D, Schmiegelow, C, Minja, D, Msemo, OA, Lusingu, JPA, Smith, ER, Masanja, H, Mongkolchati, A, Keentupthai, P, Kakuru, A, Kajubi, R, Semrau, K, Hamer, DH, Manasyan, A, Pry, JM, Chasekwa, B, Humphrey, J, Black, RE, Klemm, RDW, Massie, AB, Mitra, M, Mehra, S, Schulze, KJ, Sommer, A, Ullah, MB, Labrique, AB, Rashid, M, Shaikh, S, Begum, N, Chowdhury, NH, Islam, MS, Khanam, R, Mitra, DK, Quaiyum, A, Diseko, M, Makhema, J, Cheng, Y, Roro, M, Endris, BS, Arnold, CD, Bahl, R, Bhandari, N, Martines, J, Mazumder, S, Hallamaa, L, Pyykkö, J, Urassa, W, Deloron, P, Bygbjerg, IC, Moeller, SL, Theander, TG, Muhihi, A, Noor, RA, Kamya, MR, Nakalembe, M, Biemba, G, Herlihy, JM, Mbewe, RK, Mweena, F, Yeboah-Antwi, K, Prendergast, A, Lawn, JE, Blencowe, H, Ohuma, E, Okwaraji, Y, Yargawa, J, Bradley, E & Idueta, LS 2024, 'Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns: A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 143 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017', BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17518

APA

Hazel, E. A., Erchick, D. J., Katz, J., Lee, A. C. C., Diaz, M., Wu, L. S. F., West, K. P., Shamim, A. A., Christian, P., Ali, H., Baqui, A. H., Saha, S. K., Ahmed, S., Roy, A. D., Silveira, M. F., Buffarini, R., Shapiro, R., Zash, R., Kolsteren, P., ... Idueta, L. S. (2024). Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns: A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 143 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17518

Vancouver

Hazel EA, Erchick DJ, Katz J, Lee ACC, Diaz M, Wu LSF et al. Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns: A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 143 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17518

Author

Hazel, Elizabeth A. ; Erchick, Daniel J. ; Katz, Joanne ; Lee, Anne C.C. ; Diaz, Michael ; Wu, Lee S.F. ; West, Keith P. ; Shamim, Abu Ahmed ; Christian, Parul ; Ali, Hasmot ; Baqui, Abdullah H. ; Saha, Samir K. ; Ahmed, Salahuddin ; Roy, Arunangshu Dutta ; Silveira, Mariângela F. ; Buffarini, Romina ; Shapiro, Roger ; Zash, Rebecca ; Kolsteren, Patrick ; Lachat, Carl ; Huybregts, Lieven ; Roberfroid, Dominique ; Zhu, Zhonghai ; Zeng, Lingxia ; Gebreyesus, Seifu H. ; Tesfamariam, Kokeb ; Adu-Afarwuah, Seth ; Dewey, Kathryn G. ; Gyaase, Stephaney ; Poku-Asante, Kwaku ; Boamah Kaali, Ellen ; Jack, Darby ; Ravilla, Thulasiraj ; Tielsch, James ; Taneja, Sunita ; Chowdhury, Ranadip ; Ashorn, Per ; Maleta, Kenneth ; Ashorn, Ulla ; Mangani, Charles ; Mullany, Luke C. ; Khatry, Subarna K. ; Ramokolo, Vundli ; Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga ; Fawzi, Wafaie W. ; Wang, Dongqing ; Schmiegelow, Christentze ; Minja, Daniel ; Msemo, Omari Abdul ; Lusingu, John P.A. ; Smith, Emily R. ; Masanja, Honorati ; Mongkolchati, Aroonsri ; Keentupthai, Paniya ; Kakuru, Abel ; Kajubi, Richard ; Semrau, Katherine ; Hamer, Davidson H. ; Manasyan, Albert ; Pry, Jake M. ; Chasekwa, Bernard ; Humphrey, Jean ; Black, Robert E. ; Klemm, Rolf D.W. ; Massie, Allan B. ; Mitra, Maithilee ; Mehra, Sucheta ; Schulze, Kerry J. ; Sommer, Alfred ; Ullah, Md Barkat ; Labrique, Alain B. ; Rashid, Mabhubur ; Shaikh, Saijuddin ; Begum, Nazma ; Chowdhury, Nabidul Haque ; Islam, Md Shafiqul ; Khanam, Rasheda ; Mitra, Dipak Kumar ; Quaiyum, Abdul ; Diseko, Modiegi ; Makhema, Joseph ; Cheng, Yue ; Roro, Meselech ; Endris, Bilal Shikur ; Arnold, Charles D. ; Bahl, Rajiv ; Bhandari, Nita ; Martines, Jose ; Mazumder, Sarmila ; Hallamaa, Lotta ; Pyykkö, Juha ; Urassa, Willy ; Deloron, Phillippe ; Bygbjerg, Ib Christian ; Moeller, Sofie Lykke ; Theander, Thor Grundtvig ; Muhihi, Alfa ; Noor, Ramadhani Abdallah ; Kamya, Moses R. ; Nakalembe, Miriam ; Biemba, Godfrey ; Herlihy, Julie M. ; Mbewe, Reuben K. ; Mweena, Fern ; Yeboah-Antwi, Kojo ; Prendergast, Andrew ; Lawn, Joy E. ; Blencowe, Hannah ; Ohuma, Eric ; Okwaraji, Yemi ; Yargawa, Judith ; Bradley, Ellen ; Idueta, Lorena Suarez. / Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns : A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 143 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017. In: BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2024.

Bibtex

@article{89ee8cec1e4e486e8aeb138bfa6238a8,
title = "Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns: A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 143 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017",
abstract = "Objective: We aimed to understand the mortality risks of vulnerable newborns (defined as preterm and/or born weighing smaller or larger compared to a standard population), in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design: Descriptive multi-country, secondary analysis of individual-level study data of babies born since 2000. Setting: Sixteen subnational, population-based studies from nine LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, and Latin America. Population: Live birth neonates. Methods: We categorically defined five vulnerable newborn types based on size (large- or appropriate- or small-for-gestational age [LGA, AGA, SGA]), and term (T) and preterm (PT): T + LGA, T + SGA, PT + LGA, PT + AGA, and PT + SGA, with T + AGA (reference). A 10-type definition included low birthweight (LBW) and non-LBW, and a four-type definition collapsed AGA/LGA into one category. We performed imputation for missing birthweights in 13 of the studies. Main Outcome Measures: Median and interquartile ranges by study for the prevalence, mortality rates and relative mortality risks for the four, six and ten type classification. Results: There were 238 143 live births with known neonatal status. Four of the six types had higher mortality risk: T + SGA (median relative risk [RR] 2.8, interquartile range [IQR] 2.0–3.2), PT + LGA (median RR 7.3, IQR 2.3–10.4), PT + AGA (median RR 6.0, IQR 4.4–13.2) and PT + SGA (median RR 10.4, IQR 8.6–13.9). T + SGA, PT + LGA and PT + AGA babies who were LBW, had higher risk compared with non-LBW babies. Conclusions: Small and/or preterm babies in LIMCs have a considerably increased mortality risk compared with babies born at term and larger. This classification system may advance the understanding of the social determinants and biomedical risk factors along with improved treatment that is critical for newborn health.",
keywords = "low-and middle-income countries, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics: neonatal, preterm, small-for-gestational age",
author = "Hazel, {Elizabeth A.} and Erchick, {Daniel J.} and Joanne Katz and Lee, {Anne C.C.} and Michael Diaz and Wu, {Lee S.F.} and West, {Keith P.} and Shamim, {Abu Ahmed} and Parul Christian and Hasmot Ali and Baqui, {Abdullah H.} and Saha, {Samir K.} and Salahuddin Ahmed and Roy, {Arunangshu Dutta} and Silveira, {Mari{\^a}ngela F.} and Romina Buffarini and Roger Shapiro and Rebecca Zash and Patrick Kolsteren and Carl Lachat and Lieven Huybregts and Dominique Roberfroid and Zhonghai Zhu and Lingxia Zeng and Gebreyesus, {Seifu H.} and Kokeb Tesfamariam and Seth Adu-Afarwuah and Dewey, {Kathryn G.} and Stephaney Gyaase and Kwaku Poku-Asante and Ellen Boamah Kaali and Darby Jack and Thulasiraj Ravilla and James Tielsch and Sunita Taneja and Ranadip Chowdhury and Per Ashorn and Kenneth Maleta and Ulla Ashorn and Charles Mangani and Mullany, {Luke C.} and Khatry, {Subarna K.} and Vundli Ramokolo and Wanga Zembe-Mkabile and Fawzi, {Wafaie W.} and Dongqing Wang and Christentze Schmiegelow and Daniel Minja and Msemo, {Omari Abdul} and Lusingu, {John P.A.} and Smith, {Emily R.} and Honorati Masanja and Aroonsri Mongkolchati and Paniya Keentupthai and Abel Kakuru and Richard Kajubi and Katherine Semrau and Hamer, {Davidson H.} and Albert Manasyan and Pry, {Jake M.} and Bernard Chasekwa and Jean Humphrey and Black, {Robert E.} and Klemm, {Rolf D.W.} and Massie, {Allan B.} and Maithilee Mitra and Sucheta Mehra and Schulze, {Kerry J.} and Alfred Sommer and Ullah, {Md Barkat} and Labrique, {Alain B.} and Mabhubur Rashid and Saijuddin Shaikh and Nazma Begum and Chowdhury, {Nabidul Haque} and Islam, {Md Shafiqul} and Rasheda Khanam and Mitra, {Dipak Kumar} and Abdul Quaiyum and Modiegi Diseko and Joseph Makhema and Yue Cheng and Meselech Roro and Endris, {Bilal Shikur} and Arnold, {Charles D.} and Rajiv Bahl and Nita Bhandari and Jose Martines and Sarmila Mazumder and Lotta Hallamaa and Juha Pyykk{\"o} and Willy Urassa and Phillippe Deloron and Bygbjerg, {Ib Christian} and Moeller, {Sofie Lykke} and Theander, {Thor Grundtvig} and Alfa Muhihi and Noor, {Ramadhani Abdallah} and Kamya, {Moses R.} and Miriam Nakalembe and Godfrey Biemba and Herlihy, {Julie M.} and Mbewe, {Reuben K.} and Fern Mweena and Kojo Yeboah-Antwi and Andrew Prendergast and Lawn, {Joy E.} and Hannah Blencowe and Eric Ohuma and Yemi Okwaraji and Judith Yargawa and Ellen Bradley and Idueta, {Lorena Suarez}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.",
year = "2024",
doi = "10.1111/1471-0528.17518",
language = "English",
journal = "British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Supplement",
issn = "0140-7686",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Neonatal mortality risk of vulnerable newborns

T2 - A descriptive analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 238 143 live births in low- and middle-income settings from 2000 to 2017

AU - Hazel, Elizabeth A.

AU - Erchick, Daniel J.

AU - Katz, Joanne

AU - Lee, Anne C.C.

AU - Diaz, Michael

AU - Wu, Lee S.F.

AU - West, Keith P.

AU - Shamim, Abu Ahmed

AU - Christian, Parul

AU - Ali, Hasmot

AU - Baqui, Abdullah H.

AU - Saha, Samir K.

AU - Ahmed, Salahuddin

AU - Roy, Arunangshu Dutta

AU - Silveira, Mariângela F.

AU - Buffarini, Romina

AU - Shapiro, Roger

AU - Zash, Rebecca

AU - Kolsteren, Patrick

AU - Lachat, Carl

AU - Huybregts, Lieven

AU - Roberfroid, Dominique

AU - Zhu, Zhonghai

AU - Zeng, Lingxia

AU - Gebreyesus, Seifu H.

AU - Tesfamariam, Kokeb

AU - Adu-Afarwuah, Seth

AU - Dewey, Kathryn G.

AU - Gyaase, Stephaney

AU - Poku-Asante, Kwaku

AU - Boamah Kaali, Ellen

AU - Jack, Darby

AU - Ravilla, Thulasiraj

AU - Tielsch, James

AU - Taneja, Sunita

AU - Chowdhury, Ranadip

AU - Ashorn, Per

AU - Maleta, Kenneth

AU - Ashorn, Ulla

AU - Mangani, Charles

AU - Mullany, Luke C.

AU - Khatry, Subarna K.

AU - Ramokolo, Vundli

AU - Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga

AU - Fawzi, Wafaie W.

AU - Wang, Dongqing

AU - Schmiegelow, Christentze

AU - Minja, Daniel

AU - Msemo, Omari Abdul

AU - Lusingu, John P.A.

AU - Smith, Emily R.

AU - Masanja, Honorati

AU - Mongkolchati, Aroonsri

AU - Keentupthai, Paniya

AU - Kakuru, Abel

AU - Kajubi, Richard

AU - Semrau, Katherine

AU - Hamer, Davidson H.

AU - Manasyan, Albert

AU - Pry, Jake M.

AU - Chasekwa, Bernard

AU - Humphrey, Jean

AU - Black, Robert E.

A2 - Klemm, Rolf D.W.

A2 - Massie, Allan B.

A2 - Mitra, Maithilee

A2 - Mehra, Sucheta

A2 - Schulze, Kerry J.

A2 - Sommer, Alfred

A2 - Ullah, Md Barkat

A2 - Labrique, Alain B.

A2 - Rashid, Mabhubur

A2 - Shaikh, Saijuddin

A2 - Begum, Nazma

A2 - Chowdhury, Nabidul Haque

A2 - Islam, Md Shafiqul

A2 - Khanam, Rasheda

A2 - Mitra, Dipak Kumar

A2 - Quaiyum, Abdul

A2 - Diseko, Modiegi

A2 - Makhema, Joseph

A2 - Cheng, Yue

A2 - Roro, Meselech

A2 - Endris, Bilal Shikur

A2 - Arnold, Charles D.

A2 - Bahl, Rajiv

A2 - Bhandari, Nita

A2 - Martines, Jose

A2 - Mazumder, Sarmila

A2 - Hallamaa, Lotta

A2 - Pyykkö, Juha

A2 - Urassa, Willy

A2 - Deloron, Phillippe

A2 - Bygbjerg, Ib Christian

A2 - Moeller, Sofie Lykke

A2 - Theander, Thor Grundtvig

A2 - Muhihi, Alfa

A2 - Noor, Ramadhani Abdallah

A2 - Kamya, Moses R.

A2 - Nakalembe, Miriam

A2 - Biemba, Godfrey

A2 - Herlihy, Julie M.

A2 - Mbewe, Reuben K.

A2 - Mweena, Fern

A2 - Yeboah-Antwi, Kojo

A2 - Prendergast, Andrew

A2 - Lawn, Joy E.

A2 - Blencowe, Hannah

A2 - Ohuma, Eric

A2 - Okwaraji, Yemi

A2 - Yargawa, Judith

A2 - Bradley, Ellen

A2 - Idueta, Lorena Suarez

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Objective: We aimed to understand the mortality risks of vulnerable newborns (defined as preterm and/or born weighing smaller or larger compared to a standard population), in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design: Descriptive multi-country, secondary analysis of individual-level study data of babies born since 2000. Setting: Sixteen subnational, population-based studies from nine LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, and Latin America. Population: Live birth neonates. Methods: We categorically defined five vulnerable newborn types based on size (large- or appropriate- or small-for-gestational age [LGA, AGA, SGA]), and term (T) and preterm (PT): T + LGA, T + SGA, PT + LGA, PT + AGA, and PT + SGA, with T + AGA (reference). A 10-type definition included low birthweight (LBW) and non-LBW, and a four-type definition collapsed AGA/LGA into one category. We performed imputation for missing birthweights in 13 of the studies. Main Outcome Measures: Median and interquartile ranges by study for the prevalence, mortality rates and relative mortality risks for the four, six and ten type classification. Results: There were 238 143 live births with known neonatal status. Four of the six types had higher mortality risk: T + SGA (median relative risk [RR] 2.8, interquartile range [IQR] 2.0–3.2), PT + LGA (median RR 7.3, IQR 2.3–10.4), PT + AGA (median RR 6.0, IQR 4.4–13.2) and PT + SGA (median RR 10.4, IQR 8.6–13.9). T + SGA, PT + LGA and PT + AGA babies who were LBW, had higher risk compared with non-LBW babies. Conclusions: Small and/or preterm babies in LIMCs have a considerably increased mortality risk compared with babies born at term and larger. This classification system may advance the understanding of the social determinants and biomedical risk factors along with improved treatment that is critical for newborn health.

AB - Objective: We aimed to understand the mortality risks of vulnerable newborns (defined as preterm and/or born weighing smaller or larger compared to a standard population), in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design: Descriptive multi-country, secondary analysis of individual-level study data of babies born since 2000. Setting: Sixteen subnational, population-based studies from nine LMICs in sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Eastern Asia, and Latin America. Population: Live birth neonates. Methods: We categorically defined five vulnerable newborn types based on size (large- or appropriate- or small-for-gestational age [LGA, AGA, SGA]), and term (T) and preterm (PT): T + LGA, T + SGA, PT + LGA, PT + AGA, and PT + SGA, with T + AGA (reference). A 10-type definition included low birthweight (LBW) and non-LBW, and a four-type definition collapsed AGA/LGA into one category. We performed imputation for missing birthweights in 13 of the studies. Main Outcome Measures: Median and interquartile ranges by study for the prevalence, mortality rates and relative mortality risks for the four, six and ten type classification. Results: There were 238 143 live births with known neonatal status. Four of the six types had higher mortality risk: T + SGA (median relative risk [RR] 2.8, interquartile range [IQR] 2.0–3.2), PT + LGA (median RR 7.3, IQR 2.3–10.4), PT + AGA (median RR 6.0, IQR 4.4–13.2) and PT + SGA (median RR 10.4, IQR 8.6–13.9). T + SGA, PT + LGA and PT + AGA babies who were LBW, had higher risk compared with non-LBW babies. Conclusions: Small and/or preterm babies in LIMCs have a considerably increased mortality risk compared with babies born at term and larger. This classification system may advance the understanding of the social determinants and biomedical risk factors along with improved treatment that is critical for newborn health.

KW - low-and middle-income countries, obstetrics and gynaecology

KW - paediatrics: neonatal

KW - preterm

KW - small-for-gestational age

U2 - 10.1111/1471-0528.17518

DO - 10.1111/1471-0528.17518

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 37156238

AN - SCOPUS:85158148856

JO - British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Supplement

JF - British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Supplement

SN - 0140-7686

ER -

ID: 347696671